An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Treating Anxiety Disorders: A Case Study of Federal Medical Centre, Katsina State
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Background of the Study
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions worldwide, affecting millions of individuals and significantly impairing their daily functioning (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is widely regarded as an effective, evidence-based treatment for anxiety disorders, focusing on modifying maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors (Hofmann et al., 2023). Compared to pharmacological interventions, CBT has demonstrated long-term benefits with fewer side effects, making it a preferred treatment option (Clark & Beck, 2024).
Despite the proven efficacy of CBT in Western countries, its effectiveness in low-resource settings such as Nigeria remains underexplored. In many Nigerian hospitals, including the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) in Katsina State, mental health services are often constrained by limited resources, inadequate personnel, and cultural perceptions of mental illness (Olawale & Ahmed, 2024). Furthermore, access to trained CBT therapists remains a challenge, raising questions about the therapy's practicality and impact in Nigerian healthcare settings.
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CBT in treating anxiety disorders at FMC, Katsina State. By assessing patients’ progress and treatment outcomes, this research seeks to provide empirical evidence on the viability of CBT as a primary intervention for anxiety disorders in Nigeria.
Statement of the Problem
Anxiety disorders remain a major public health concern in Nigeria, with many individuals suffering in silence due to stigma, lack of awareness, and inadequate mental health infrastructure (Eze & Okonkwo, 2023). While pharmacological treatments are commonly used, they often come with side effects and high costs, making psychological interventions like CBT a necessary alternative (Bello & Adeyemi, 2024).
However, the effectiveness of CBT in treating anxiety disorders within Nigerian healthcare settings remains unclear due to limited research and implementation challenges. Factors such as cultural attitudes toward therapy, lack of trained professionals, and variations in patient response to CBT necessitate an in-depth study. This research will evaluate whether CBT is a viable and effective treatment option for anxiety disorders at FMC, Katsina State, providing insights into its potential integration into Nigeria’s mental healthcare system.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the effectiveness of CBT in reducing anxiety symptoms among patients at FMC, Katsina State.
- To examine patient adherence to CBT treatment and factors influencing it.
- To identify challenges associated with implementing CBT in the Nigerian healthcare system.
Research Questions
- How effective is CBT in reducing anxiety symptoms among patients at FMC, Katsina State?
- What factors influence patient adherence to CBT treatment?
- What challenges are associated with the implementation of CBT in Nigerian hospitals?
Research Hypotheses
- CBT does not significantly reduce anxiety symptoms among patients at FMC, Katsina State.
- There is no significant relationship between patient adherence and CBT treatment outcomes.
- Challenges in CBT implementation do not significantly impact its effectiveness in treating anxiety disorders.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders receiving CBT at FMC, Katsina State. It does not include other psychiatric conditions or alternative treatment methods. Limitations include potential biases in self-reported data and variations in therapist competency, which may influence treatment outcomes.
Definitions of Terms
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): A structured, evidence-based psychological treatment that aims to change maladaptive thoughts and behaviors.
- Anxiety Disorders: A group of mental health conditions characterized by excessive fear, worry, and nervousness.
- Treatment Adherence: The extent to which patients follow prescribed CBT sessions and guidelines.
- Psychological Intervention: Non-medication-based therapies aimed at improving mental health.
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